jpdb beta

natural history; wide learning; broad area of learning

1

study of natural laws; branch of neo-Confusianist scholarship

1

increasingly; more and more; decreasingly (when declining); less and less

2

Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge

2

traditional Chinese medicine

2

official recognition; authorization; authorisation; licence; license; accreditation

4

hard struggle; strenuous effort

1

they; them

1

attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation

1

fighting back; returning fire; counter-attack; responding to an attack; accepting a challenge

1

one evening; some evenings

2

one boat; one ship

1

(arch.) to match; (arch.) to equal; to catch up with; to overtake

1

Institute for the Study of Western Books (Edo period); Institute for the Investigation of Foreign Books

2

step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan

2

the aforementioned; the said; (man, incident, etc.) in question; the usual

1

intelligent; wise; sagacious; smart-alecky; cheeky

1

Takemoto

2

establishment; founding; organization; organisation

2

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

1

foreign language

3

busyness; a lot of things to do; frequent use; heavy use (of); many uses

1

Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

2

traveling while deliberately not paying a fare (travelling)

1

medical society

2

Itou Genboku

2

pulpwood; raw timber; unprocessed timber; original (or ancestor) of a tree cultivar

1

Chouan

1

Japanese laurel; spotted laurel; Aucuba japonica; live tree

4

palanquin; litter; bier; portable shrine

1

interested person; volunteer; supporter

1

concurrently studying the teachings of two or more different schools or sects

1

pain; anguish; suffering; duhkha (suffering)

7

to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand

3

chart at the left

1

hiding one's intelligence to avoid being different from the common people

1

house; one's house; one's home; one's family

2

Kenkichi

1

dislike; aversion

1

Italy

1

kan (obs. unit of weight, approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); kan (obs. unit of currency, equiv. to 1000 mon in the Edo period; col. 10 mon in the Meiji period); counter for pieces of sushi; 10 points; 12 points

1

Kansai; region consisting of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and surrounding prefectures; Kansai; south-western half of Japan (during the feudal era)

1

to live long; to survive

1

shoulder

1

old-fashioned idea

1

thought; idea; ideology

1

conflict; complication; troubles; discord

7

anonymous person; a nobody

1

valley

1

serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady

1