common reed (Phragmites australis)
the country; countryside; outskirts; suburbs; presence; being in attendance
the West; the Occident; Western countries
fortress; castle; citadel; enclosure; castle walls
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
to be the work of; to be the result of; to be done by; to concern; to affect; to involve
to get; to secure; to learn; to master; to complete
origin; source; history; originally; from the start; by nature
to explain; to advocate; to preach; to persuade
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
hometown; rural township (of China)
military physician or surgeon
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
by the way; meanwhile; on the other hand
diligent study; devoting oneself to one's studies
octennial; recurring every eight years
beginning (of a century, etc.)
returning from abroad; coming back to one's country (Japan)
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
lower reaches (of a river); bottom; lower part; lower half (of the body, esp. the privates); feces (faeces); end
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
this country; our country
unprecedented; unheard-of; record-breaking
image; figure; figure; form; image
construction; architecture (of buildings)