floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
father; dad; husband; you; he
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cut up; to cleave; to spare (time, money, etc.); to use part of something; (arch.) to have a tattoo in the corner of one's eye
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
slow; sluggish; dull; lax; sloppy; lenient
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
please (give me); please (do for me)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Liao (dynasty, 916-1125 CE); Khitan Empire
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?