indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
food; provisions; nourishment (mental, spiritual, etc.); sustenance (e.g. of one's life); source of encouragement
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
kanji (as opposed to kana); printed style (of writing Chinese characters); square style; real name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
revival (of an old system, custom, fashion, etc.); restoration; return; resurrection; rebirth
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
a pair (of shoes or socks)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
tsk; tut; shoot; chirp; tweet
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to endure; to keep out (e.g. rain); to pull through; to get over; to surpass; to outdo
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
support; help; backing; covering (from enemy attack); protection
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)