lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
under the orders of; by order (command)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
difficult to ...; hard to ...
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
again; once more; a second time
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
the Snake (sixth sign of the Chinese zodiac); the Serpent; hour of the Snake (around 10am, 9-11am, or 10am-12 noon); south-southeast; fourth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
joint together; opposite; facing
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to appear all together; to be all present
lie; falsehood; fiction; fabrication
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to have a showdown; to settle (e.g. a dispute)
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding