to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
devil; evil spirit; genie
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
sleep-talking; nonsense; gibberish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; period; class
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
really; truly; indeed; good grief
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
soft to the touch (e.g. fur, feathers); fluffy; to stroke (something fluffy); to rub; to pat
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
difference (of opinion); strange; odd; different
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness