indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Northern Europe; Nordic countries; Scandinavia
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
gathering; meeting; assembly; collection; attendance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
(diving) fin; swim fin; flipper; fin (on a surfboard, aircraft, etc.)
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
to be conspicuous; to stand out
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
passing (a test, examination, etc.); pass (for admission, transport, etc.); ticket; pass (of a ball); (giving something a) pass; skipping (one's turn)
intimidating air; sense of intimidation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
face; honour; meld; lineup (of players participating in a mahjong game); attendees (e.g. at a meeting); members
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
scattered; disperse; loose; disconnected; in pieces; in drops
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
cooperation; collaboration
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK