here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stone wall; natural stone wall
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
certain; sure; no doubt; reliable; dependable
Island; insula; island; islet
then; well; so; well then
why; how; for what reason
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
rikka; formal style of ikebana
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
don't worry about it; forget about it
please (give me); please (do for me)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
lottery; tombola; drawing
ticket; coupon; bond; certificate
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)