indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
naturally; not surprisingly; it should be appreciated that; understandably; as a matter of course; as is obvious
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
unintentionally; unconsciously; by mistake; heedlessly; against one's better judgement (judgment)
manly; sportsmanlike; pure (heart, actions, etc.); upright; (arch.) unsullied (e.g. scenery or object); (arch.) pure
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even though; despite; when
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
even so; anyhow; at any rate
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one's goal); way; process