indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; in what manner
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
to adorn oneself; to dress oneself up; to give an air of; to make oneself seem like
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to take more time than expected; to take a long time; to be delayed
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah