here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
going downstream (in a boat)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
(arch.) regional official responsible for rice storage (under the Yamato court); Inagi (lowest of the eight hereditary titles)