indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the way there; outbound leg; bound for ...; outbound ticket
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
representation; agency; proxy; deputy; agent; attorney
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
same period; corresponding period; same year (of graduation, entering a company, etc.); contemporary; synchronization; synchronism
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding