bureau director; office chief
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
Island; insula; island; islet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
clerk; (bureau, post-office) staff
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to strain (oneself); to bear down; to exert oneself; to put on a bold front; to make a show of strength; to swagger
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
bowl; pot; flowerpot; crown; brainpan
river; stream; River; the ... river
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
roundhouse kick; turning kick
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
skewer; spit; skewering; impalement; running through (e.g. with spear)
freckles; buckwheat chaff
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very