why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
print; printing; (printed) copy; handout; flyer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to confess one's love; to profess one's feelings
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
of course; certainly; naturally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to pierce through; to break through
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to roar; to reverberate; to be well-known; to be famous; to palpitate; to throb
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
supreme ruler; conqueror; champion; winner; titleholder