deep affection; dear; beloved
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
motherland; fatherland; native country
and (also); both ... and; as well as
neighboring countries; neighbouring countries; surrounding countries
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
greeting; a fine thing to say
to say; to tell; to state; to do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
studies; schoolwork; classwork
to work hard at; to devote oneself to; to be diligent in
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
behind; in the rear; in back
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
stability; steadiness; equilibrium
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
wartime fire; war; wartime destruction; horrors of war
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
unrelated; unconnected; without relations (esp. of a deceased person); having no surviving relatives; unrelated to the teachings of Buddha; unable to be saved by Buddha
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
battlefield; battleground
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
impression given by a painting or image
adds force or indicates command
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
school principal; school headmaster; school headmistress