test (of ability, knowledge, etc.); exam; test (of performance, quality, etc.); trial; rehearsal
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
nothing but; except; no more than
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
failure (in an examination); failing to advance (to the next year); falling short of the standard; not making the grade
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
like this; this sort; this way
level; standard; level (amount or quantity); level (plane); level (instrument); spirit level
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
even; even if ...; even though ...; because ...; as ...; with the purpose of ...
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
surplus; margin; leeway; composure; placidity; complacency
clear; transparent; clearing (a high-jump bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball; in soccer); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)