discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
this year; this fiscal year; this school year
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave (a matter, decision, etc. to someone); to entrust (to someone); to leave (to chance, one's imagination, etc.); to let (take its own course); to use (money, strength, spare time, etc.) to the full; to use freely
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
rare; uncommon; new; novel; fine; nice
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
story; tale; talk; discussion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
royal capital; imperial capital
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
kind; sort; type; equal; match; peer
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing