indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new discovery; new invention
appearing in unexpected places and at unexpected moments; elusive; phantom
live broadcast (radio, TV); live coverage
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
living room (Japanese-style)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
delivery (of a package, goods, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
(computer) monitor; consumer who comments on products, television programs, etc. (programmes); program or utility that monitors a program or activity
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
heat; hot air; enthusiasm; excitement; fever
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
relay; hook-up; relay broadcasting
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
leadoff batter; first batter; first person appearing (witness, performer, etc.)
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me