divine spirit; spirit of the dead
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
eboshi; black-lacquered headgear made of silk, cloth or paper, originally worn by court nobles in ancient Japan
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora); Java rice finch
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
bad luck; ill fortune; misfortune
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
beating (of the heart, with joy, excitement, etc.); palpitation; throbbing; pounding; fluttering
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
gods of the land; earthly deities
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
(oral) message; declaration; hearsay; rumour; rumor
to be ordered (to do); to be charged with (a duty); to be assigned (a job)
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
God; god; deity; ace; king; superior person
greeting; a fine thing to say
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
left; left-hand side; left hand; the left (wing); leftist; fondness for alcohol