today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
suffix for familiar person
sobbing; weeping; whimpering
boy; son; baby boy; young man
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
reaction; response; physical reaction (to a stimulus); observable response (of an organism); reaction; effect
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
sacred tree; support pillars of the traditional fire festival bonfires
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
intruder; invader; trespasser; raider
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
dusk; twilight; twilight years; melancholia; melancholic nostalgia