student (esp. a university student)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thawing of snow; thaw; thaw (in relations)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
pocket money; spending money; pin money; allowance
moment; instant; just then; right at that moment; for a moment; for an instant
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
to face; to go towards; to head towards
count; counting; count of balls and strikes; count (after a knock-down); count (of radioactivity)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
only; merely; nothing but; no more than
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
tea (esp. green or barley); tea break; teatime; tea ceremony
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
juice; soft drink (usu. fruit-based); sweetened drink
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose