indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
main point; essential point; important thing; necessity; need; requirement
pluralizing suffix; nickname-forming suffix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
4th day of the month; four days
trip abroad; overseas travel
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to find resolution; to be settled; to be collected; to be assembled; to be well arranged; to be in order
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come off (of a button, handle, lid, etc.); to go away (of a fever, pain, swelling, etc.); to disappear; to be harvested; to be picked; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
oh; right; I see; OK; gotcha
alone; by oneself; on one's own
honorific/polite/humble prefix
care-taking; house-sitting; house-watching; caretaker; house-sitter
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
3rd day of the month; three days
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
separate; scattered; apart
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
mental condition; state of mind; mentality
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
very much; exceedingly; extremely
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station