liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exorcism rite; purification
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
prayer; grace (at meals); exorcism
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
history of; experience of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force or indicates command
hurdle; hurdle race; hurdles; hurdle; obstacle
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
please (give me); please (do for me)
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker