indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
innocent verdict; "not guilty" verdict
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
re-; again; repeated; deutero-; deuto-; deuter-
court (of law); courtroom
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
restaurant (esp. Western-style)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
testimony; (verbal) evidence
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
to not match well (e.g. at the seams); to not mesh properly (of gears); to differ (e.g. of opinions); to clash; to be in conflict (e.g. with the facts)
suffix for familiar person
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
offender; criminal; culprit
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
even more; still more; further
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
again; once more; a second time
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
welcome!; nice to see you!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
trial; judgement; judgment