indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
waste land; wilderness; moor; field; plain
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to run at full speed; to run and run; to try one's hardest
limited express (train for which a limited-express ticket is required); limited express (train making a limited no. of stops)
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
trial; judgement; judgment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
defense; defence; pleading; advocacy
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
thirty-first day of the month; thirty-one days
New Year's Eve; December 31
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
service (bus, train); operation; motion; revolution; movement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
honorific/polite/humble prefix