indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
living by oneself; living alone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to work (for, at, in); to be employed (at); to finish (a term); to serve (e.g. a sentence); to conduct (a ceremony); to perform (a Buddhist memorial service)
beefsteak plant; perilla; megaphylls; (lit.) large leaf
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
medical examination; checkup; consultation
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
securing; obtaining; ensuring; belay; belaying
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pattern; behavioural pattern; behavioral pattern; predictability
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
thank you (for your hard work); good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
beefsteak plant; perilla; megaphylls; (lit.) large leaf
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
after this; henceforth; henceforward; from now on
reservation; appointment; contract; subscription; programming (e.g. a device); setting (e.g. a timer)
state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.