today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be silent; to say nothing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
procurement; purchase; buying; school store; co-op; school canteen
must not; should not; do not
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
tacit; unspoken; implicit
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
student in a higher grade; upperclassman
oh my god; how; what the; incredible
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to smoke (a cigarette); to behave as ...; to accelerate; to rev up
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest