today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
program (e.g. theatre, theater); programme; (theatrical) piece; number; performance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
refreshment booth; refreshment stand; snack bar
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
maid cafe; cafe with waitresses dressed in cute maid costumes
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
concert band (as a school activity); wind ensemble
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that's the way it is; such is life
than; from; out of; except; but; more
drama; theatre; theater; play
no matter what; whatever you say; in the end; after all
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
coincident with; while; simultaneously
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
some people; a few people; several people
holding two or more positions concurrently
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
eyeball; special feature; centerpiece; special program; loss leader; sunny-side up fried egg
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
participation; joining; entry; adherence