senior high school; high school
karuta; traditional Japanese playing cards
Tokyo Metropolis (prefecture); Tokyo metropolitan area
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
overall victory; championship
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(arch.) youth; (arch.) freshness; good omen; Sweden; Switzerland
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
senior high school; high school
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
national convention; national competition; national athletic meet
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
first championship win (esp. sumo)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
suffix for familiar person
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
to exert oneself and win; to gain (victory)
adds force or indicates command