indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
rice cracker; senbei; Japanese cracker; rice cookie; wafer
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
handwriting; handwritten; hand-painted; hand-drawn
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to get drunk; to become intoxicated; to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle); to become nauseated; to be elated; to be exalted
hi!; yo!; hey man!; hey dude!
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
arm; skill; efforts; ability
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)