indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
descendant; posterity; offspring
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion; habit; custom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
family; relatives; dependents; household
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
husband; groom; (one's) son-in-law
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to allot; to allocate; to supply with; to furnish; to fit to; to fasten to
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work