teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
loyalty to the Emperor (especially during the late Edo period movement to overthrow the shogunate)
doctrine; rule; principle; -ism
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
distinction; differentiation; discrimination; discrimination (against people)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
such; like that; that sort of
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
dirty work; unpleasant task
to contract (to do); to undertake; to take on (work); (arch.) to take responsibility for; (arch.) to be liable for
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
evading blame by pinning it on a subordinate and abandoning them; (lit.) a skink lizard's shedding of its tail
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
betrayer; traitor; turncoat; informer
seppuku; harakiri; ritual suicide by disembowelment; seppuku as a death penalty (where the convict is decapitated by a second as they make the motions to disembowel themself; Edo period)
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
Europe and the United States; Europe and America; the West
major powers of the world; great powers
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
modernization; modernisation
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
First Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895)
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
by the way; incidentally; well; even if; no matter (what, where, how, etc.)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
war; fighting; fierce competition
continuation; continuance; maintenance; persistence; going on
Karafuto (Japanese name for Sakhalin)