to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
Nivkh (ethnic minority group of Russia, living near the Amur river and on Sakhalin)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
earless seal (Phocidae); true seal; seal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fat; tallow; lard; grease
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everything; for (to) everything; (in) anything
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
soy sauce; soya sauce; shoyu
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; season; period; phase; stage
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
prey; catch; kill; spoils; trophy; loot
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
opposite side; other side; over there; ahead; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
to get dirty; to become dirty; to become sullied; to become corrupted; to lose one's chastity
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
explosive; blasting powder
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...