indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
somehow; for some reason (or other); without knowing why
to be satisfied (with an explanation, apology, etc.); to be happy
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
settlement; solution; resolution
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
by chance; by accident; accidentally; occasionally; once in a while; now and then
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date