senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
telephone call; speaking over the telephone; (Internet) voice call; counter for telephone calls of a set duration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
habit; (social) custom; practice; convention
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(not) at all; (not) a bit; (not) in the least; (not) in the slightest
private property; personal belongings; personal effects
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...