indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
(someone else's) daughter
suffix for familiar person
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
senior high school student
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
rosary; string of prayer beads
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
injury; harm; evil influence; damage
does not seem; unlikely; improbable