ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
uneasy; unsure; unreliable; untrustworthy; (arch.) nervous; (arch.) impatient
footwork (in martial arts, sports, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
martial arts which involve fighting without weapons; combat sport; one-on-one fighting sport
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and yet; though; when; in spite of
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
calm; composed; cool; quiet
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
something; nothing (with neg. verb)
it is not (like that) either
such; this sort of; like this
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
of all (things, people, places, days, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
call; summons; usher who calls the names of wrestlers, sweeps the ring, etc.; telephone number at which a person without a telephone can be reached; (arch.) box-shaped area containing clean water for rinsing oneself (in an Edo-period bathhouse); (arch.) high-ranking prostitute in the Yoshiwara district (Edo period); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute in the Fukagawa red-light district (Edo period)