to be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
elm bark clothes traditionally worn by the Ainu; elm bark textile
fourth year of elementary school; fourth year elementary school student
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
horse native to Hokkaido; person born and raised in Hokkaido
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
adds light emphasis or insistence to a statement; gives a statement a threatening or condescending tone
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it; that sort of (thing mentioned immediately prior)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
the very end; finish; to the very end; to the last; thoroughly
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
professor; teaching; instruction
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
beginning; outset; first; onset
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(physical) form; shape; visage; (facial) features; form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); (resultant) state
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention; motive
simply; merely; only; solely
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
place; position; location; position; standing; status
suffix for familiar person
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent