another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
stands; bleachers; stand (e.g. newspaper stand); counter (e.g. lunch counter); stand (e.g. inkstand); desk lamp
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
in that way; thus; so; so?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stick (to); to cling (to); to stay (e.g. in the office)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by