indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; having no intention of ...
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
finishing blow; coup de grâce
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
preference; priority; precedence
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage