indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's family; family member
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
police; police officer; police station
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to feel; to sense; to experience
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but then; although; though; reasonable; natural; just
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
life and death; samsara (cycle of death and rebirth); death
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo