indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
the other day; lately; recently
after a long time; for the first time in a while
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
already completed (arrived, happened, etc.)
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
in that way; thus; so; so?
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder