indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
to tear to pieces; to tear to shreds; to pick (e.g. fruit); to pluck; to do ... heavily; to do ... heartily
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
essence; quintessence; spirit; soul; heart; pith
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(some) more; even more; longer; further
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
shelving (a play, movie, etc.); closing down; cancelling; rice storehouse of the Edo shogunate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a house, etc.)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)