indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
workmanship; craftsmanship; grades; results; quality (e.g. of a crop); dealings
pupil; student; schoolchild
to care for someone; to look after someone
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
impediment; burden; encumbrance; hindrance; drag
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
deputy head teacher; vice principal
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
way of saying (something); way of putting it; wording; phrasing; language; expression
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
no!; no no!; no, not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...