yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
please (give me); please (do for me)
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to knock down; to shoot down; to lop off
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
abduction; kidnapping; kidnaping
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
unidentifiable; unidentified
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
taking captive; carrying away; kidnapping; kidnaping; abduction
study; research; investigation
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
authority; power; influence
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
image; figure; figure; form; image
round-the-world trip; circumnavigation; globe-trotting
business; trade; operations; sales
Al-Hufuf (Saudi Arabia); Hufuf