indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
at once; immediately; right away; directly (face, lead to, etc.); automatically (mean, result in, etc.)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
to experience chest pain; to have a pain in one's chest; to feel sick at heart; to have one's heart ache; to be anguished
to change; to alter; to mistake; to make a mistake; to fail to keep (e.g. one's promise); to sprain (a muscle)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
gaining time; stalling for time; time-buying
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good performance; good work; great success
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as