truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
distinguished service; meritorious service
thought; report on one's investigation into ...; deceased father
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be harmful to; to hinder; to interfere with; to irritate
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to go; to come; to turn out (at a meeting, event, etc.); to show up; to make your way to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't you think?; indicates question
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
now; the present time; just now; another; more
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to fight against; to oppose; to face
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how long; how much; to what extent
to take someone's life; to kill someone