indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bright red; deep red; flushed (of face); downright (e.g. lie); complete; utter
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
beyond one's control; nothing one can do
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
return; reaction; recovery; return (from a procedure)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap
insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; dissatisfaction; discontent; complaint