that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
while; during (the time when)
calamity; disaster; accident
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); ingredient; leaven (bread); cause
to wind; to coil; to envelope; to shroud; to outflank; to skirt
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
refrigerator; cold; cool; cold sake
temporary licence; temporary license; provisional licence; provisional license
acquisition; obtaining; gaining possession; purchase
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
being put to shame; being outshone; being eclipsed; feeling embarrassed
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
repulse; repelling (e.g. the enemy); driving back
United Kingdom; Britain; English (language)
senior high school; high school
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she