indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
virginity (of a male); virgin; (Catholic) nun; sister
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
course (of events); development; progress; market order; order without limit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to feel irritated; to feel offended; to feel angry; to feel sick; to feel nauseous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...